![3d earthquake particle motion 3d earthquake particle motion](https://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/3-s2.0-B9780444563750000141-f14-09-9780444563750.jpg)
![3d earthquake particle motion 3d earthquake particle motion](https://i.ytimg.com/vi/UmQaHxAY9RA/maxresdefault.jpg)
Waves (S-waves) cannot propagate through liquid. Positive, then evidently the velocity of P-waves must always be greater than We note that the bulk modulus (K) and the rigidity modulus (G) are always Velocities of P- and S-waves are given below in terms of the density (ρ) and Velocities are greater than Rayleigh waves, so Love waves arrive before This wave is somewhat similar to S-waves.Įxist in a uniform solid, and can only occur when there is a general increaseĪnother proof of the Earth’s vertical inhomogeneity. Travel by a transverse motion of particles that is parallel to the ground Period is typically ~ 20 s, with wavelength or ~ 100km.Rayleigh waves show dispersion,Īnd its velocity is not constant but varies with wavelength. Surface and decrease exponentially downward. The particle displacements are greatest at the The particle motion of this wave isĬonfined to a vertical plane containing the direction of propagation and Rayleigh waves or descriptively called "ground.Waves arrive at seismograph after the arrival of P- and S-waves because of Waves are larger in amplitude and longer in duration than body waves. Generated by shallow earthquakes (nuclear explosions do not generate these Waves do not penetrate the deep interior of the earth, and are normally Waves are seismic waves that are guided along the surface of the Earth and the Less than P-waves, and appear on seismograms after P-waves. Waves involve shearing and rotation of the material as the wave passes through Also known as transverse waves, because particle motions are transverse to theĭirection of movement of the wavefront, or perpendicular to the ray. Greatest speed and appears first on seismograms. P-waves is it is a dilational or irrotational waves. The direction of propagation of the wave. P-wave is transmitted by particle movement back and forth along These waves involveĬompression and rarefaction of the material as the wave passes through is but Waves due to particle compression during their transport. These waves are also called longitudinal waves or compressional Waves are reflected and transmitted at interfaces where seismic velocity and/orĭensity change, and they obey Snell's law. Waves are seismic waves that travel through the body of the earth. Two different types wave produced by an earthquake : body waves and surface Units of elastic modulus are the same as pressure – i.e. Ratio of these quantities is the rigidity modulus (G): When deforming a solid state by simple shear,Ī shear strain (γ) is induced by applying a shear stress, σ. The bulk modulus is a measure of the incompressibility of the The original volume (V 0) change to final volume (V F) whenĬompared to the pressure change is called bulk Linear relationship between applied stress, σ, and resulting strain εĮ is the constant of proportionality called an elastic modulus.ĭeformation – uniform compression or expansion, and shear deformation: Manner and speed of seismic waves travel through material is controlled by Is the behavior of a material that when subjected to a stress (force/area), deforms and changes shape ( strain), but returns to original shape Or if wavelength and frequency are known: Wavefront takes to reach a known distance is recorded: Which the wavefront (or ripple crest) travel can be detected if the time the Seismic waves or repetitions in a given unit of time is called frequency (f). Waves to pass a reference point or the motion to complete one cycle. Period (T) is the time it takes for two successive
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Wavelength is the distance between successive crest.ĭisplacement of the particle motions, or the height of the ripple crest. Is some basic terminology and physics that describe the various aspects of waveīetween two adjacent points on the wave that have similar displacements, one Pivot to constrain the mass to move in an up and down direction only. A spring isĪttached to the mass which is connected to a rod. Spring-mounted seismograph records the vertical ground motion. The mass to move in the horizontal direction only. The Earth by means of a pendulum and a pivot is attached to a rod to constrain Pendulum-mounted seismograph records horizontal motion. Information is then used to determine earthquake locations, the subsurface Earthquake seismology is the best tool toĮarthquake or explosion occurs, part of the energy released is as elastic wavesĪre then detected and recorded by seismograms, which measure, amplify